Molybdenum
We are molybdenum manufacturer in China that offers diferent shapes of molybdenum parts. Our molybdenum factory produces pure molybdenum, TZM molybdenum and high temperature molybdenum. Product ranges: molybdenum wires, molybdenum rods, molybdenum sheets, molybdenum plates and fabricated molybdenum products.
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All You Need to Know About Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a material with a relatively high melting point which is only lower than tantalum, osmium, rhenium, tungsten, and carbon. And it has one of the lowest coefficients of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity. With particular mechanical and chemical properties, molybdenum can be used in many applications: molybdenum wires and molybdenum ribbons in the lighting industry, molybdenum rods or bars in steel making industry, base plates for power electronics, heating element or hot zones in high temperature furnaces, sputtering targets in TFT-LCT or CIGS solar cells.
Based on the added content of other materials, molybdenum can have a diversity of molybdenum alloys.
Molybdenum Properties
| Molecular Weight | 95.94 |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Silvery |
| Melting Point | 2623 °C |
| Boiling Point | 4639 °C |
| Density | 10.28 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in H2O | N/A |
| Electrical Resistivity | 5.2 microhm-cm @ 0 °C |
| Electronegativity | 1.9 Paulings |
| Heat of Fusion | 6.6 Cal/gm mole |
| Heat of Vaporization | 128 K-Cal/gm atom at 4612 °C |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.31 |
| Specific Heat | 0.0599 Cal/g/K @ 25 °C |
| Tensile Strength | N/A |
| Thermal Conductivity | 1.38 W/cm/K @ 298.2 K |
| Thermal Expansion | (25 °C) 4.8 µm·m-1·K-1 |
| Vickers Hardness | 1530 MPa |
| Young's Modulus | 329 GPa |
| Signal Word | N/A |
|---|---|
| Hazard Statements | N/A |
| Hazard Codes | N/A |
| Precautionary Statements | N/A |
| Flash Point | Not applicable |
| Risk Codes | N/A |
| Safety Statements | N/A |
| RTECS Number | QA4680000 |
| Transport Information | NONH |
| WGK Germany | nwg |
Molybdenum
Advantages
With unique features, molybdenum is widely used in wide industries. Here we would like to list several.
Molybdenum Product Range
Molybdenum Production Process
Production process: weighing powder, powder press, sintering, machining, and inspection.
From accurately weighing raw materials and applying exacting temperatures at different stages, to precise machining and extensive quality control systems, attention to detail is key to ensuring finished molybdenum components meet the standards required by our customers.
1. Moly powder
Our moly powder is sourced from selected trustworthy molybdenum powder suppliers. Moly powder can be produced industrially by reducing molybdenum trioxide with hydrogen or by treating ammonium secamolybdate with acid or decomposing it by heating and then reducing it with hydrogen in a tubular electric furnace. Carbon can also be reduced to molybdenum powder, but the purity is poor.
Process of hydrogen reduction of molybdenum trioxide: Reduction with hydrogen can be carried out in two stages. The first stage heats the molybdenum trioxide at 450-700°C, followed by the second stage of reduction at 900-1100°C to produce finished molybdenum powder.
2. Pressing
Molybdenum powder comes with an inspection sheet. Our inspector checks its purity and grain size. In order to ensure the quality, we take a random check for sample powder to check whether there is foreign material. After that, the molybdenum powder is sifted and mixed with a binder. Based on finished parts, a certain weight of molybdenum powder is loaded into a steel mold. The mold can be big or small which is decided by the size of the part. Normally if the size is big, we put the powder in a mold into a CIP. If it is small, we use an automatic pressing machine to press it. After pressing, molybdenum powder forms a compact shape but is still fragile. It needs attention when handling.
3. Sintering
The pressed billet is put into a boat which can be refractory metals or graphite and then loaded into a furnace with a hydrogen atmosphere. The high temperature in the furnace can make the material more compact and increase density. The accuracy and time of temperature are very important. They have much influence on the properties of molybdenum. Unloaded from furnaces, the pressed billet becomes a sintered billet with a shining grey-silver color.
4. Swaging
For rods or parts made from rods, if there are no high-density and dense structure requirements, sintered molybdenum can be directly used for machining parts. But if there are property requirements, we add one more process to improve its properties. In a swagger, a moly rod goes through a die, in which it is hammered based on a certain production process. When the rod comes out, its diameter is reduced by 12% per pass and the rod can have better ductility and strength.
5. Rolling
Rolling is a process for molybdenum sheets. Rolling has three types which are classified by temperature. There are hot rolling, warm rolling, and cold rolling. By rolling the molybdenum billets, billets can be rolled into molybdenum foils, molybdenum sheets, and molybdenum plates. Before using a roller, we have to check the density of the billets. If the relative density is above 90%, the billet can be processed. A well-maintained roller is also very important for a homogeneous inner structure and good surface.
6. Drawing
If we need to turn the molybdenum rod into a molybdenum wire, a drawing machine is a must. By putting about 3mm diameter molybdenum rod into the drawing machine, the process begins. The drawing machine has different molds with different diameters. Through the drawing machine, the wire can be customized.
Tips For Molybdenum Machining
The adhesion of molybdenum is large, and it is easy to bond the front and rear tool surfaces when cutting, causing adhesive wear on the tool.
Molybdenum is a brittle material, which tends to harden greatly during cutting and machining.
The phenomenon of work hardening exists, thus increasing the cutting force and cutting temperature.
When cutting molybdenum and its alloys, it is necessary to take measures to solve the phenomenon of high tool bonding wear, high cutting resistance, and easy chipping caused by brittle, sticky, and high modulus of elasticity.
Tool material selection:
The hardness of the tool material should be higher than the hardness of the workpiece material. We need to choose cutting tools with sufficient strength and toughness, high heat resistance, and wear resistance.
Choice of tool geometry:
When choosing the size of the tool geometry angle, we should take into account the workpiece material, cutting requirements, tool material, machine rigidity, and other factors. Due to the high melting point of molybdenum, occurs cutting deformation under a lot of energy.
Coupled with the high modulus of elasticity of molybdenum (that is the rigidity of the material, strong bonding, solid, not easy to deform), the removal of chips is very difficult. Therefore, to ensure that the tooltip is not deformed, we should keep the cutting edge as sharp as possible. Under the general situation, we can increase the front angle with a negative edge inclination and small main deflection measures to strengthen the tool head.
Another thing to note is the tool after the angle is large which can reduce the molybdenum adhesion, we need to maintain good surface roughness of tools.
Ways to improve the cutting performance of workpiece materials:
For the same chemical composition of the material, if they have different metallurgical structures, the mechanical and physical properties are different. Therefore, adopting heat treatment to change the metallurgical structure is the main way to improve the cutting performance of the material. Due to the high hardness of molybdenum and its brittle at room temperature, it is easy to occur hardening in production. The situation happens more when processing internal and external threads, internal and external taper, and other complex places. The edge of the workpiece is very easy to collapse and crack. However, when the temperature of molybdenum material rises to 350-450℃, its machinability rises obviously, and hardness decreases, which is very favorable for cutting.
Special tips in processing:
For molybdenum sheet processing, there are 5 forming ways rolling, twisting, bending, punching, and drilling. Based on the thickness of the molybdenum plate, the deformation operation can generally be completed at room temperature if the thickness is below 1mm. If it is above 1.0, it needs to be heated to prevent delamination or breakage. If it is above 2.0, the heating temperature needs to be about 500° and the plate becomes to be red (dark red), but it is necessary to prevent overheating. Molybdenum recrystallization will make the parts brittle and affect the safety and service life. When bending, the bending axis should be perpendicular to the main rolling direction, and the small workpiece should be made of a cross-rolled plate. The stamping of molybdenum parts requires high precision of the mold. Since molybdenum is not easy to deform, it should be heated during processing, and the stamping speed should be adjusted to make it suitable for the deformation speed of molybdenum. This should be done according to the degree of deformation.
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